can affect the decision to join a trade union. Furthermore, a shift in risk attitudes can alter collective bargaining … that an overall increase in risk aversion contributes to wage moderation and promotes employment. …

We evaluate three policy reforms targeted at older unemployed people: (i) an hourly wage subsidy, (ii) an in …

This paper contributes to the policy-relevant question whether self-employment is a way out of (long-term) unemployment …. We estimate the relationship between the entry rate into self-employment and previous (long-term) unemployment on the … measurement errors induced by the pseudo panel structure. We find that previous (long-term) unemployment significantly increases …