The European Union's strategy to raise employment is confronted with very low work participation among many minority … and host country ethnicity to explain that deficit. It introduces a two-dimensional understanding of ethnic identity, as a … immigrants. Using unique German survey data, the paper identifies marked gender differences in the effects of ethnic …

. Empirical evidence studying economic behavior like work participation, earnings and housing decisions demonstrates the …

ethnicity of individuals, measured by country of origin, remains relevant. …