We investigate the causal effect of patent rights on cumulative innovation, using large-scale data that approximate the …

We study the blocking effect of patents on follow-on innovation by others. We posit that follow-on innovation requires … freedom to operate (FTO), which firms typically obtain through a license from the patentee holding the original innovation …. Where licensing fails, follow-on innovation is blocked unless firms gain FTO through patent invalidation. Using large …

The paper analyses the theoretical and empirical relationship between employment, skill structure and innovation in … East and West German manufacturing firms. The econometric part builds on firm data from the Mannheim Innovation Panel 1993 …