In this paper, the authors explore the way(s) that information and communication technologies (ICT) might contribute to effective coordination of lifelong guidance and validation of non-formal and informal learning. Based on 12 national practices, the paper illustrates the potential for...

Retraining the labor force to match the demands of a modern economy is an important task during the transition process from a centrally planned to a market economy. This need is particular pressing in East Germany, because the transition process is much faster there than in the rest of Eastern...