"We identify a new set of stylized facts on the 2008-2009 trade collapse that we hope can be used to shed light on the importance of demand and supply-side factors in explaining the fall in trade. In particular, we decompose the fall in international trade into product entry and exit, price...

In this paper we give an overview of government regulations in the national drug markets of the European Community. We describe the admission of new medicines to the market, the organisation of the distribution system, the control of pharmaceutical prices, and the patient copayment schemes for...

The objective of this paper is to quantify the economic effects of the introduction of a system of tradable permits in the European Union (EU). For this purpose we use linked applied general equilibrium models (AGE) for eleven EU member countries. This method enables us to measure the change in...

Since 13 July 1993 the EC eco-audit regulation has regulated voluntary participation of enterprises in eco-auditing. As. yet it is a vague plan for environmental management systems and eco-auditing of enterprises, which in practice, when it comes to implementing it, may be interpreted in many...

The Maastricht Treaty has augmented the preconditions that have to be fulfilled by ED applicants before a full membership can be achieved. Candidates have to prove that a participation in the European Monetary Union is a realistic possibility at least in the medium term. This paper explores the...

Since the negotiation of the Maastricht Treaty in December 1991 expectations on the new European currency could possibly influence European interest rates. The focus of this paper is both on the theoretical and empirical analysis of the link between European Monetary Union (EMU) and German...

Die Europäische Investitionsbank (EIB) mobilisiert in quantitativ bedeutendem Ausmaß Finanzmittel für EG-Politikfelder außerhalb des EG-Haushalts. Die von der Bonität des Schuldners abhängige implizite Zinssubvention ist wohlfahrtstheoretisch nicht zu rechtfertigen. Es ist zu vermuten,...

Die Bestimmungen zur europäischen Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion (WWU) im Unionsvertrag haben die Anreize für öffentliche Verschuldung verändert. Die Analyse zeigt, daß trotz der Bemühungen, die nationale Eigenverantwortlichkeit zu bewahren, nicht mit einer effektiven Disziplinierung...

This paper examines German business survey data to uncover the influence of political news on expectations concerning the starting date of the European Monetary Union (EMU). In this survey the participants were asked to indicate whether they expect a punctual or a delayed start of the EMU....

Durch den Maastrichter Vertrag soll Europa auf den Weg zu einer solidarischen und subsidiären Währungsunion gebracht werden. Nach einer Übersetzung dieser Begriffe in ökonomische Termini werden die Konsequenzen für die Fortentwicklung der EG-Finanzen untersucht. Es zeigt sich, daß das...