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consequences of immigration vary with institutions that affect labor market flexibility. Reduced flexibility may protect natives … increase the negative impact of immigration on equilibrium employment. In models without interactions, OLS estimates for a … panel of European countries in the 1980s and 1990s show small, mostly negative immigration effects. To reduce bias from the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010262814
Sex ratios, i.e., relative numbers of men and women, can affect marriage prospects, labor force participation, and other social and economic variables. But the observed association between sex ratios and social and economic conditions may be confounded by omitted variables and reverse causality....
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010270571
Instrumental Variables (IV) methods identify internally valid causal effects for individuals whose treatment status is manipulable by the instrument at hand. Inference for other populations requires homogeneity assumptions. This paper outlines a theoretical framework that nests causal...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010261579
In many countries, college-bound high school seniors must pass a test or series of tests. In Israel, this requirement is known as the ?Bagrut?, or matriculation certificate, obtained by passing a series of subject tests. In spite of the Bagrut?s value, Israeli society is marked by vast...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010261895
The education reform movement includes efforts to raise teacher quality through stricter certification and licensing provisions. Most US states now require public school teachers to pass a standardized test such as the Praxis. Although any barrier to entry is likely to raise wages in the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010262215
The question of how technology affects learning has been at the center of recent debates over educational inputs. In 1994, the Israeli State Lottery sponsored the installation of computers in many elementary and middle schools. This program provides an opportunity to estimate the impact of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010270570
Macroeconomists have long been concerned with the causal effects of monetary policy. When the identification of causal effects is based on a selection-on-observables assumption, non-causality amounts to the conditional independence of outcomes and policy changes. This paper develops a...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010270625
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