on the evolution of unemployment as well as inactivity across European countries. Indeed, previous crises have typically … lead not only to more unemployment but also to larger numbers of discouraged unemployed and thus more inactivity. It … experienced higher unemployment. In many other countries, unemployment and inactivity remained remarkably stable despite covid-19. …

We ask whether sectoral shocks and the subsequent labor reallocation are responsible for unemployment within selected … is linked to unemployment in country specific dynamic models. For Spain, the ADL-model estimation reveals a significant … impact of sectoral reallocation on unemployment that goes beyond usual business cycle patterns. In Italy, there is weaker yet …

, unemployment, and economic inactivity between 1996 and 2011. In our analyses, we distinguish between fixedterm employment, solo …

unemployment. This link becomes more evident when wage inflation is disaggregated at sectoral and occupational levels. Using … exogenous variations in local market unemployment as the main identification strategy, a negative correlation between vacancy …-level wage and unemployment is also established. The correlation magnitude, however, is different across regions and skill …

successfully contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate, critics claim that the reforms led to wage restraint and …