The aim of this paper is to describe and discuss the weak and strong sustainability approach of assessing climate change and to show reasonable applications, weaknesses, possible improvements and linkages of both approaches. Main features of weak and strong sustainability approaches are...

Das Leitbild einer Nachhaltigen Entwicklung hat vielfach zu einem Paradigmenwechsel in Politik, Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft geführt. Es gilt, Ökologie, Ökonomie und Soziales zum Wohl heutiger wie auch zukünftiger Generationen zusammenzuführen. Nachhaltigkeitsstrategien sind hierbei ein...

This paper analyzes the influence of the structure of collective wage bargaining on direct investment abroad. A wage negotiations model shows that high productive firms benefit from centralized bargaining and invest therefore less abroad than under dezentralized bargaining. An empirical study...

Carbon emissions from German manufacturing have increased over the past decade, while carbon intensity (emissions per Euro of gross output) has declined only slightly. We decompose changes in emissions between 2005 and 2017 into scale, composition (changes in the mix of goods produced) and...

Voluntary environmental management programs for firms have become an increasingly popular instrument of environmental policy. However, the literature’s conclusion on the effectiveness of such programs is ambiguous, and for the European region there is a lack of evidence based on a large...