), particularly for the low-income and older individuals. Using simulations of tax and social benefits and public pensions, the paper … shows how the current tax, welfare, and pension systems create disincentives to work among these groups. The paper finds … that incentives to retire early are strong for men, especially low-wage earners. The marginal effective tax rates also make …

The Czech Republic has embarked on an ambitious tax reform and expenditure package to bring the deficit sustainably … effects of these measures using the Global Fiscal Model. The tax reform package will achieve a more efficient tax system. If …

reduction in benefits and an increase in contribution rates. Using a five-region version of the IMF‘s Global Integrated …