innovative and unchanged products is developed and estimated using comparable firm-level data from France, Germany, Spain and the …

also of subsequent generations. Little comparative work exists for Europe's largest economies. France, Germany and the …

financial performance in Britain and France. We find that union bargaining is detrimental to workplace performance in Britain … and that this effect is larger when unionization is endogenized. In France, union bargaining is associated with poorer … density do have a negative impact on workplace performance in France. In Britain the union effect does not rise with union …

Using data from large-scale establishment surveys in Britain and France, we show that incentive pay for non-managers is … more widespread in France than in Britain. We explain this finding in terms of the "beneficial constraint" arising from … stronger employment protection in France, which provides an impulse to develop incentive pay; employer networking activities in …