otherwise visible to society. We develop a structural model of initial and follow-on innovation to determine the effects of such … a shift in disclosure on overall welfare in industries characterized by cumulative innovation. We find that while … significant decline in follow-on innovation. …

We investigate the causal effect of patent rights on cumulative innovation, using large-scale data that approximate the … patent universe in its technological and economic variety. We introduce a novel instrumental variable for patent invalidation … that exploits personnel scarcity in post-grant opposition at the European Patent Office. We find that patent invalidation …

. Where licensing fails, follow-on innovation is blocked unless firms gain FTO through patent invalidation. Using large …We study the blocking effect of patents on follow-on innovation by others. We posit that follow-on innovation requires … freedom to operate (FTO), which firms typically obtain through a license from the patentee holding the original innovation …

scarcely more likely to patent than women without. Differences among those without a science or engineering degree account for …

Skilled labor is a key input to the innovation process. A shortage in supply of skilled labor may hence impede … innovation activities, resulting in lower productivity gains. While governments are concerned about these likely negative impacts …, there is only limited empirical evidence whether and to what extent labor shortage affects innovation activities. The paper …

This paper discusses the determinants of product innovation in young innovative companies (YICs) by looking at in …-house R&D is linked to the propensity to introduce product innovation both in mature firms and YICs; however, innovation …

To examine the drivers of innovation, this paper studies the global R&D effort to fight the deadliest diseases and … innovation can be very large, as demonstrated by aggregate flow of clinical trials increasing by 38% in 2020, with limited … economists are naturally in favor of market size as a driving force for innovation (i.e."if the market size is sufficiently large …

This paper discusses the relationship between a company's investment in innovation and its success in introducing new … homogenous R&D-based knowledge production function by introducing different types of innovation investments (R&D and technology … acquisition) for different sets of companies.Using the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) dataset comprising more than 3000 Italian …

Process innovation is an important part of firms’ innovation activities and supposed to significantly contribute to … positive returns from innovation. Measuring process innovation output at the firm level is still in its infancy, however. This … paper reports empirical evidence on measures of process innovation output that have been collected in the German part of the …

innovative inputs on a sample of 3045 manufacturing firms drawn from the third Italian Community Innovation Survey (1998 - 2000 …). The interactions between four different sources of innovation - internal and external R&D, embodied and disembodied … complementarity and substitutability relationships, depending both on the typology of the targeted innovation output and on the …