?the case of Portugal; 2) a positive but stable role of education in terms of inequality – Austria, Finland, France …

impact of immigration on entrepreneurial activity. Immigrants, we hypothesize, facilitate innovation and entrepreneurship by … immigrants (even if they are not self-employed) may prove to be areas in which entrepreneurship and innovation are easier to …

Skilled labor is a key input to the innovation process. A shortage in supply of skilled labor may hence impede … innovation activities, resulting in lower productivity gains. While governments are concerned about these likely negative impacts …, there is only limited empirical evidence whether and to what extent labor shortage affects innovation activities. The paper …

that being a generalist does not seem to be important in this regard. Finally, we find that innovation positively moderates …

crowding out. Our findings suggest that rewards can improve innovation and creativity, and that there may be a tradeoff between …