that, for the coin denominations €2, €1, 50 cent and 20 cent roughly the same quantity of euro coins migrate from Germany … Republic of Germany are not materially explained by exports of coins to other euro area countries. …Euro coins have a common European side and an individual national side. Thanks to coin migration, coins bearing a …

Netherlands and Germany. Participants received a set of 200 banknotes with either a high or a low average soil level, based on the … actual circulation in two different countries. Real-life circulation in both Germany and the Netherlands is in between these …

This paper empirically investigates whether individuals withhold a certain amount of cash for precautionary reasons at … the point-of-sale (POS) in order to be able to cover future transactions that might have to be paid for in cash. Such … being settled in cash declines significantly as the amount of cash available at one’s disposal decreases. This indicates …

We measure consumers’ use of cash by harmonizing payment diary surveys from seven countries: Australia, Austria, Canada …, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United States (conducted 2009 through 2012). Our paper finds important cross …-country differences, for example, the level of cash usage differs across countries. Cash has not disappeared as a payment instrument …

, Germany, Italy and Spain (‘4 NCBs’). To date, the 4 NCBs have been using ARIMAX models to forecast the banknotes issued …

Cash is an important means of transaction, generally assumed to be fungible. However, behavioral economics and consumer … research show that 'cash in hand', physically holding on to cash and then handing it away, affects purchasing decisions. I … study how cash in hand influences decisions in a different but very important domain: savings. Savings accounts are a …