for the dramatic decline in employment and the unprecedented increase in unemployment in the east German economy. …

, resulting in lower income, higher exposure to unemployment, and lower self-employment. … case of the Stasi in East Germany. Exploiting regional variation in the number of spies and administrative features of the … institutional trust in post-reunification Germany. We also find substantial and long-lasting economic effects of Stasi surveillance …

This study investigates firm survival and employment growth of start-ups by unemployed people in East and West Germany … sample of newly founded firms from the ZEW Firm Start-up Panel. The sample contains firms which were founded between 1993 and … 1995 and could be observed at least one year after their foundation in 4 regions of East and 11 regions of West Germany. In …