higher education. The expected return to education in terms of wages also affects educational decisions significantly. A …

and students’ cognitive and socio-emotional development. The German panel evidence shows that children’s learning time … decreased severely during the first school closures, particularly for low-achieving students, and increased only slightly one … activities. The review shows substantial losses in cognitive skills on achievement tests, particularly for students from …

expectations about wages are similar to historical values, the long-run expectations about the developments of the stock market …

We repeatedly elicit beliefs about the returns to study effort in a panel survey of students of a large university …