EU Eastern Enlargement elicited a rise in (temporary) labour market oriented immi-gration to Germany starting in May … distribution; and a permanent positive effect on full-time employment. …

We study the labor demand effect of immigration on local labor markets by exploiting the fact that refugees in Germany … are banned from working in the first few months after arrival. This natural experiment allows isolating a pure immigration …: As the number of recently arrived refugees and thus the demand for locally produced goods increases, local employment …

operationalize this indirect fiscal effect in a model of immigration and the labor market. We derive closed-form expressions for this … effect that has previously been documented. This challenges the perception of low-skilled immigration as a fiscal burden. …

accession affects income gaps. Moreover, if EU membership is refused, fear of future restrictions on immigration will lead to …