labor regulation of partners because intraindustry trade was important. The New World exported less differentiated products …

What drives globalization today and in the past? We employ a new micro-founded measure of bilateral trade costs based …

. Late nineteenth century trade globalization may have helped generate the "first wave" of democratization. Between 1920 and … 1938 countries more exposed to international trade were less likely to become authoritarian. Finally, our post-World War II …

trade flows. We construct a new balanced sample of bilateral trade flows for 130 country pairs across the Americas, Asia …, Europe, and Oceania for the period from 1870 to 2000 and demonstrate an overriding role for declining trade costs in the pre-World … War I trade boom. In contrast, for the post-World War II trade boom we identify changes in output as the dominant force …

world better prepared in 2020 than it was in 1918? After a century of public health and basic science research, pandemic …

surpluses in the rest of the world. How can the issue be understood in a more historical perspective? We seek a meaningful … comparison between the two eras of globalization: quot;thenquot; (the period 1870 to 1913) and quot;nowquot; (the period since …