"Using a comprehensive database of firms in Western and Eastern Europe, we study how the business environment in a …

the 1790s and later under Napoleon invaded and controlled large parts of Europe. Together with invasion came various …

Using a comprehensive database of firms in Western and Eastern Europe, we study how the business environment in a …

This paper documents that the Rise of (Western) Europe between 1500 and 1850 is largely accounted for by the growth of …. Atlantic trade and colonialism affected Europe both directly, and indirectly by inducing institutional changes. In particular …, thus enabling new merchants in these countries to benefit from Atlantic trade. Therefore, the Rise of Europe was largely …