knowledge spillovers are unmeasurable, a 'goodness of fit' measure is constructed using innovation survey data. It turns out …In this paper it is tested which of the various alternative approaches for constructing knowledge spillover pools … that measures of the uncentered correlation of firm characteristics seem to fit actual knowledge spillovers best. Direct …

Sunk costs for R&D are an important determinant of the level of innovation in the economy. In this paper I recover them … created the incentives for firms to pay the costs of investment. Trade-induced innovation reinforced the selection effect by …

We study how profit taxation affects plants' R&D spending and innovation activities. Relying on geocoded survey panel …