Recent empirical work has established that 'democracy causes growth'. In this paper, we determine the underlying … institutions which drive this relationship using data from the Varieties of Democracy project. We sketch how incentives and … institutions, as witnessed recently in many countries, may jeopardise the perpetual growth effect of becoming a liberal democracy …

important insights on the economic catch-up exhibited by the new EU members in light of the institutional changes and … convergence in the EU, however, we identify subgroups that converge to different steady states using an iterative testing … suggests a clear separation between the new and old EU member states in the long run. …

This paper assesses the consequences of EU enlargement for East West migration. In the theoretical part, we identify … several factors in addition to the reduction of moving costs by which EU membership influences migration. Specifically, EU … accession affects income gaps. Moreover, if EU membership is refused, fear of future restrictions on immigration will lead to …

not economic necessity have dictated the consolidation in the EU during the 90s. …