Fossil fuels have shaped the European economy since the industrial revolution. We use new long-run panel data to analyse the effect of both, coal and oil on economic growth between 1900 and 2015, exploiting variation at the level of European NUTS2 and NUTS3 regions. We show that the reversal of...

Fossil fuels have shaped the European economy since the industrial revolution. In this paper, we analyse the effect of coal and oil on long-run economic growth, exploiting variation at the level of European NUTS-2 and NUTS-3 regions over the last century. We show that an "oil invasion" in the...

By empirically assessing the competitiveness of 505 cities around the world from regional, national and other perspectives, this book not only ranks these cities but also presents a treasure trove of information with regard to each city’s relative strengths and weaknesses. This unique resource...

Introduction -- The Impact of Outward-Oriented Economic Reform on Income Inequality in China: 1978 – 2007 -- The continuity and changes of the hukou system since the 1990s: a critical review -- Land Reform, urban development and Migrant Housing in Contemporary China -- The Urban Village of...

Chapter 1: The Startup Common -- Part 1: Exploring the Startup Common -- Chapter 2: Creating Pillar Companies -- Chapter 3: Launching Startups from Universities -- Chapter 4: Deepening the Human Capital Pool -- Chapter 5: Sourcing Investment Capital -- Chapter 6: Building Mentor Networks --...

Introduction -- Chapter One: The Rural–urban Division -- Chapter Two: Literature Review -- Chapter Three: Policies and Institutions Concerning Resource Flow -- Chapter Four: Methodology -- Chapter Five: Peasants’ View -- Chapter Six: Officials’ View -- Chapter Seven: Quantitative Results...

Introduction -- Housing Reform and the Housing Market in Urban China -- Theoretical Background: Affordability and Its Measurement -- Housing Affordability in Urban China: National Study -- Housing Affordability in urban China: Regional Study -- Effects of Housing Policy on Affordability --...