investigate the relationship between exports and productivity. Our overall results are in line with the big picture that is by now … controlled for, and these exporter productivity premia tend to increase with the share of exports in total sales; there is strong … government report higher productivity premia. However, the level of development per se does not appear to be an explanation for …

analyses to show that export orientation has a positive and significant impact on total factor productivity growth. We comment … the best way to examine the association between total factor productivity growth and trade orientation. …