In response to strong revenue and income losses that a large share of the self-employed faced during the COVID-19 pandemic, the German federal government introduced a €50bn emergency aid program. Based on real-time online-survey data comprising more than 20,000 observations, we analyze the...

Wirtschaftsleistung und Produktivität sind in Deutschland regional sehr unterschiedlich verteilt. Insgesamt ist das Effi zienzniveau in Ballungszentren höher als in ländlichen Gebieten. Das gilt für Ostdeutschland wie für Westdeutschland. Ostdeutschland ist aber deutlich stärker ländlich...

This paper systematically investigates whether different kinds of personality characteristics influence entrepreneurial development. On the basis of a large, representative household panel survey, we examine the extent to which the Big Five traits and further personality characteristics, which...

Prices for energy and food are currently rising extraordinarily sharply. Households with low net incomes in particular are being burdened by the price increases, in some cases dramatically. According to current inflation forecasts, price increases for the lowest-income ten percent would mean a...