introduced in 2008. This reform imposed financial self-responsibility after a finalized divorce. It weakened the relative … bargaining position of the spouse with a claim for maintenance in the case of a potential divorce prior to the law change …

This paper explores inequalities in IQ and economic preferences between children from high and low socio …-economic status (SES) families. We document that children from high SES families are more intelligent, patient and altruistic, as well …

fertility and greater parental investment in children; (ii) a rise in married female labor-force participation; (iii) a … significant decline in marriage and a rise in divorce; (iv) a higher degree of positive assortative mating; (v) more children …

children's health and cognitive outcomes, and explores whether shocks at certain periods matter more than others. The paper … variation in children's exposure to a negative shock at different periods early in life. It is shown that children exposed to …, children affected by the floods in the first trimester of pregnancy score lower on cognitive tests. Potential mechanisms are …

. This paper hypothesizes that cities with more working-age adults are likely to grow faster than cities with more children … ratios, that is, with more children and/or seniors per working-age adult, grow significantly slower. Such effects are … particularly pronounced for cities with high shares of children. This result appears to be driven mainly by the direct, negative …

birth size and measures of physical growth in children under-five years of age, in particular for children under two years …

the household is located in a former West or East German federal state. Married couples and couples with children are … closer to the acceptance of the hypothesis than unmarried couples without children. …

if the greater variety in living arrangements contributes to increased resource disparities among children in Germany …. Children in single parent families are disadvantaged in at least three dimensions decisive for their later achievements … public childcare strongly reduces resource disparities among children. …

more likely to send their children to work. Further analyses suggest that such outcomes are driven by the need to maximise … relationship between risk aversion and child labour is causal and that risk aversion induces higher probabilities of children …