currency had found its way back to the banks suggesting first, that most black money in the Indian economy is not held as cash …

Netherlands and Germany. Participants received a set of 200 banknotes with either a high or a low average soil level, based on the … actual circulation in two different countries. Real-life circulation in both Germany and the Netherlands is in between these …

This paper empirically investigates whether individuals withhold a certain amount of cash for precautionary reasons at … the point-of-sale (POS) in order to be able to cover future transactions that might have to be paid for in cash. Such … being settled in cash declines significantly as the amount of cash available at one’s disposal decreases. This indicates …

that, for the coin denominations €2, €1, 50 cent and 20 cent roughly the same quantity of euro coins migrate from Germany … Republic of Germany are not materially explained by exports of coins to other euro area countries. …

Republic of Macedonia shows high degree of cash utilization in performing everyday nominal transactions. The cross country … that determine high degree of cash transactions, several activities have to be operationalized: 1. Launch of more organized … and more active modern non-cash payment instruments is essential. This could be done trough a comprehensive project for …

, Germany, Italy and Spain (‘4 NCBs’). To date, the 4 NCBs have been using ARIMAX models to forecast the banknotes issued …