We study the causal impact of invalidating marginally valid patents during post-grant opposition at the European Patent … participation of a patent's original examiner in the opposition division as an instrument. We find a disciplinary effect of … invalidation: Affected inventors file 20% fewer patent applications in the decade after the decision. This effect is entirely …

How important is information disclosure through patents for subsequent innovation? To answer this question, we examine … the expansion of the USPTO Patent Library system after 1975. Before the Internet, patent libraries gave inventors access … to patent documents. We find that after patent library opening, local patenting increases by 17% relative to control …

harmful for innovation and if so, whether compulsory licensing can provide an effective remedy. The consent decree settled an …-on innovation building on Bell patents by 17%. This effect is driven mainly by young and small companies. Yet, innovation increased … only outside the telecommunications equipment industry. The lack of a positive innovation effect in the telecommunications …