We study the evolution of patenting in China from 1985-2019. We use a Large Language Model to measure patent importance … based on patent abstracts and classify patent ownership using a comprehensive business registry. We highlight four insights …. First, average patent importance declined from 2000-2010 but has increased more recently. Second, private Chinese firms …

effect on innovation. We develop a simple “trapped factor” model of innovation that is consistent with these empirical …

in curbing viral transmission. Such a strategy integrates corporate innovation, government decision-making, citizen … participation, and community coordination with big data analytics. This article explores how key stakeholders in an open innovation …