Skilled labor is a key input to the innovation process. A shortage in supply of skilled labor may hence impede … innovation activities, resulting in lower productivity gains. While governments are concerned about these likely negative impacts …, there is only limited empirical evidence whether and to what extent labor shortage affects innovation activities. The paper …

type of independent patent claims, we show an increase in the annual share of process claims of about 25 percentage points … (from below 10% in 1920). This rise in process intensity is not limited to a few patent classes but can be observed across a … shorter than product claims; but this gap has narrowed since the 1970s. These patterns suggest that the patent breadth and …

innovation is - i.e., whether it conforms most closely to the Paretian, log normal, or some other distribution. The question is … several sources - the royalties from U.S. university patent portfolios, the quasi-rents from marketed pharmaceutical entities …

in the context of the US government’s procurement of R&D. We link tender, contract, patent, and office records to the …

-ups with experienced inventors holding a patent at the time of receiving the first round of investment produce the largest …

We find that institutional ownership in publicly traded companies is associated with more innovation (measured by cite …, policy changes and disaggregating by type of owner we find that the effect of institutions on innovation does not appear to …