How does a negative labor demand shock impact fertility? I analyze this question in the context of the East German … fertility decline after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. I exploit differential pressure for restructuring across East …, women more severely impacted by the demand shock had relatively more children than their less-severely-impacted counterparts …

-term outcomes of refugees who migrate as children and young adults. German Democratic Republic (GDR) refugees who escaped to West … similar effects of aid-eligibility for refugees who migrated as children (aged 1-14). The overall results suggest that factors …