complexity and uncertainty. We exploit quasi-random assignment of employees to managers and study the role of frontline managers … administrative data and panel survey data from before and during the Covid-19 pandemic, we find that frontline managers who were …

also render teams' identity and image concerns salient. We study the effects of tournaments on team performance in a non … salience of team identity, social image concerns, and whether teams face monetary incentives. Increased salience of team … identity does not improve performance. Social image motivates the top performers. Additional monetary incentives improve all …