years (about 30%). This gap increases to 7 years (almost 50%) for cohorts 1947-49. We extend our analysis to the household …

social programs, savings and the labor supplies of all adult household members. The optimal policy mix focuses mainly on … Social Assistance, which provides a permanent universal household income oor, with a minor role for temporary earnings …-related Unemployment Insurance. Reecting that married couples obtain intra-household insurance by making labor supply choices for both …

, savings, and the labor supplies of all adult household members. We show that the optimal policy mix is dominated by moderately … generous social assistance, which guarantees a permanent universal minimum household income, with only a minor role for …

on heterogeneous labor market effects on the individual and on the household level and we study the distributional … implications using net household income. In this respect we extend the previous literature which mainly studied employment effects … larger employment effects for women who cannot rely on other income on the household level, e.g. women with a low income …