consensus on whether this new privacy regulation is beneficial or detrimental to innovation. This study provides empirical … evidence on the impact of the GDPR on innovation activities in firms. Exploiting panel data from the German innovation survey …, a difference-in-difference analysis shows that the GDPR stimulated additional innovation activity while shifting the …

-in-differences design to causally identify the short-run impact of COVID-19 on innovation spending in 2020 and expected innovation spending … substantially reduced innovation expenditure not only in the first year of the pandemic (2020) but also in the two subsequent years …, indicating ’Long–Covid’ effects on innovation. In 2020, innovation expenditure fell by 4.7 % due to the pandemic. In 2022 …