and students’ cognitive and socio-emotional development. The German panel evidence shows that children’s learning time … decreased severely during the first school closures, particularly for low-achieving students, and increased only slightly one … activities. The review shows substantial losses in cognitive skills on achievement tests, particularly for students from …

expectations about wages are similar to historical values, the long-run expectations about the developments of the stock market …

We repeatedly elicit beliefs about the returns to study effort in a panel survey of students of a large university …

argue that low-achieving students may be particularly affected by the lack of educator support during school closures. We … collect detailed time-use information on students before and during the school closures in a survey of 1,099 parents in … Germany. We find that while students on average reduced their daily learning time of 7.4 hours by about half, the reduction …

outcomes for students in Lower Track Secondary Schools in Germany. We find mostly insignificant effects of the treatment on … average outcomes, which mask quite heterogeneous effects. For those students, who are taking extra coursework to continue …. In contrast, educational outcomes improve for students who do not take extra coursework. Hence, the treatment causes a …

. Ignoring these selection effects can lead to biased expectations about the consequences of working part-time on wages … differences between full-time and part-time workers also predict large changes in hourly wages when a given worker switches …