We investigate the causal effect of patent rights on cumulative innovation, using large-scale data that approximate the … patent universe in its technological and economic variety. We introduce a novel instrumental variable for patent invalidation … that exploits personnel scarcity in post-grant opposition at the European Patent Office. We find that patent invalidation …

We study the evolution of patenting in China from 1985-2019. We use a Large Language Model to measure patent importance … based on patent abstracts and classify patent ownership using a comprehensive business registry. We highlight four insights …. First, average patent importance declined from 2000-2010 but has increased more recently. Second, private Chinese firms …

. Where licensing fails, follow-on innovation is blocked unless firms gain FTO through patent invalidation. Using large …-scale data from post-grant oppositions at the European Patent Office, we find that patent invalidation increases follow …

remaining career. We use European patent data for a period of 32 years for 1240 German inventors. The patent data are linked … of inventors applying for the first patent after completing education or being in the highest quartile of citations … received for the first patent. The higher career productivity seems to be a consequence of higher individual ability rather …

firms may protect their inventions by means of intellectual property rights, such as patents. By taking out a patent … functioning of the contemporary patent system. We find that patenting firms are being less confronted with imitation. The effect … of patents on the dissemination of R&D findings is, however, insignificant. Therefore, we conclude that patent …

type of independent patent claims, we show an increase in the annual share of process claims of about 25 percentage points … (from below 10% in 1920). This rise in process intensity is not limited to a few patent classes but can be observed across a … shorter than product claims; but this gap has narrowed since the 1970s. These patterns suggest that the patent breadth and …

's usefulness in estimating the share of true SEPs in firm patent portfolios for several mobile telecommunication standards. We find …

We analyze the extent to which private defensive litigation insurance deters patent assertion by non …-practicing entities (NPEs). We study the effect that a patent-specific defensive insurance product, offered by a leading litigation … defensive litigation insurance on the behavior of patent enforcers and accused infringers. We show that the availability of …

invention (through patents) and the clinical trials data submitted for market approval (through data exclusivity). Patent … market exclusivity on the likelihood of drug commercialization. The effect is largely driven by patent invalidations early in …