We measure consumers’ use of cash by harmonizing payment diary surveys from seven countries: Australia, Austria, Canada …, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United States (conducted 2009 through 2012). Our paper finds important cross …-country differences, for example, the level of cash usage differs across countries. Cash has not disappeared as a payment instrument …

mark-up stronger than in Germany in the wake of skill-biased technological change. The reason is that the unskilled … training and education costs in the USA for unskilled employees and unemployed. In Germany, the lower skill wage mark-up leads …