We investigate the causal effect of patent rights on cumulative innovation, using large-scale data that approximate the … patent universe in its technological and economic variety. We introduce a novel instrumental variable for patent invalidation … that exploits personnel scarcity in post-grant opposition at the European Patent Office. We find that patent invalidation …

certifier can enable the seller to disclose her private information publicly, as well as gather additional market information …-maximal information-gathering. Thus, optimal contracts eliminate private information but not market uncertainty; even though the latter … would be costless, it is suboptimal as it requires excessive information rents to the seller. Thus, market inefficiencies …

This paper deals with flows of technology and information among people and institutions and the role of public support … given by different sponsors (the federal government, the Länder and the European Union). Recent theory stresses the …

Theory suggests that new market entrants play a special role for the creation of new technological pathways required … orientation. Furthermore, the framework uses textual information from patenting activities of established innovators to model …