This paper analyses the effects of the creation or removal of borders on firms' profits and their optimal location in an autarkic region. A firm chooses a position close to a border if a crucial degree of openness is achieved. Furthermore, the positive effect of removal of borders decreases in...

Uniquely amongst industrialized countries worldwide, Germany does not impose a general speed limit on highways. This is different in the Netherlands, where a limit of 130km/h is implemented. The direct border between the two countries provides an opportunity to construct a natural experiment and...