This paper provides mathematically consistent calculations of the forward, backward, and total linkages in the Brazilian economy in 1975. Our results reveal, among other things, that: 1) high linkages cannot be exclusively associated with modern industrial sectors; 2) none of our linkage...

Ausgangspunkt für dieses Discussion Paper sind fehlende Erkenntnisse über Wissenstransfer in den Sozialwissenschaften. Die Sozialwissenschaften erbringen bereits zahlreiche Transferleistungen für die Gesellschaft, die jedoch in den gesellschaftlichen und den wissenschaftlichen Diskursen kaum...

Does access to education facilitate the emergence of a human capital elite from which social activists, and thus, social change can emerge? Assembling a city-level panel of the political, intellectual, and economic elite throughout German history, we find that the opening of schools providing...

A decade ago, the German Advisory Council to the Federal Government on Global Environmental Change (Wissenschaftlichen Beirats der Bundesregierung für Globale Umweltveränderungen - WBGU) published its main report. This attempt to take stock in 2011 made an impact and provided orientation on...

The empirical literature is inconclusive about whether a country’s democratization has a long-lasting impact on former supporters or opponents of the bygone regime. With newly available individual-level data of former residents of the socialist German Democratic Republic (GDR), we analyze how...