Much of today’s software relies on programming code shared openly online. Yet, it is unclear why volunteer developers … contribute to open-source software (OSS), a public good. We study OSS contributions of some 22,900 developers worldwide on the …

Skilled labor is a key input to the innovation process. A shortage in supply of skilled labor may hence impede … innovation activities, resulting in lower productivity gains. While governments are concerned about these likely negative impacts …, there is only limited empirical evidence whether and to what extent labor shortage affects innovation activities. The paper …