France, which facilitate joint learning about its development and operation; and government fiscal incentives for profit …Using data from large-scale establishment surveys in Britain and France, we show that incentive pay for non-managers is … more widespread in France than in Britain. We explain this finding in terms of the "beneficial constraint" arising from …

This paper evaluates the impact of immigration on the labor market outcomes of natives in France over the period 1962 …) specification, we find that a 10% increase in immigration increases native wages by 3%. However, as the number of immigrants and the … natives’ wages is still positive but much smaller, and natives’ wages are negatively related to the number of natives. To …