EU Eastern Enlargement elicited a rise in (temporary) labour market oriented immi-gration to Germany starting in May … distribution; and a permanent positive effect on full-time employment. …

We study the labor demand effect of immigration on local labor markets by exploiting the fact that refugees in Germany … are banned from working in the first few months after arrival. This natural experiment allows isolating a pure immigration …: As the number of recently arrived refugees and thus the demand for locally produced goods increases, local employment …

employment gaps between immigrant and native men decline in the first years after arrival, they remain large for most cohorts … conditions do matter, and the employment rate of some earlier cohorts collapsed when structural shocks hit the German labor …