firms may protect their inventions by means of intellectual property rights, such as patents. By taking out a patent … of patents on the dissemination of R&D findings is, however, insignificant. Therefore, we conclude that patent … functioning of the contemporary patent system. We find that patenting firms are being less confronted with imitation. The effect …

software patents in the U.S. on the publications of university researchers in the field of computer science. Difference … quality) than their European counterparts after patent rights for software inventions were introduced. We then introduce a …

We study the causal impact of invalidating marginally valid patents during post-grant opposition at the European Patent … participation of a patent's original examiner in the opposition division as an instrument. We find a disciplinary effect of … invalidation: Affected inventors file 20% fewer patent applications in the decade after the decision. This effect is entirely …

Patent renewal studies reveal a highly rightward-skewed distribution of patent values. Our approach elicits valuations … approximating those of the patented invention. This paper focuses on the full-term patents of the application year 1977 held by West …

We explore the tail of patented invention value distributions by using value estimates obtained directly from patent … holders. The paper focuses on those full-term German patents of the application year 1977 which were held by West German and U ….S. residents. The most valuable patents in our data account for a large fraction of the cumulative value over all observations …

-in-difference regressions on firms' debt allows deducting treatment effects of using patents as collateral. We find that patent pledging enables …We investigate how intangible capital in form of intellectual property, such as patents, might mitigate financing … constraints. While scholars have already argued that patents might have a signalling value reducing information asymmetries …