operationalize this indirect fiscal effect in various models of immigration and the labor market. We derive closed-form expressions … negative direct fiscal effect that has previously been documented. This challenges the perception of low-skilled immigration as …

operationalize this indirect fiscal effect in a model of immigration and the labor market. We derive closed-form expressions for this … effect that has previously been documented. This challenges the perception of low-skilled immigration as a fiscal burden. …

concerns over potential consequences of certain kinds of immigration and are linked to individual characteristics that increase …-mitigating: Affluent, high-immigration countries more easily sustain tolerance for the same reasons they attract immigrants (opportunities …) but are more prone to threatened responses since these are provoked by immigration characteristics overrepresented in …

accession affects income gaps. Moreover, if EU membership is refused, fear of future restrictions on immigration will lead to …