invention (through patents) and the clinical trials data submitted for market approval (through data exclusivity). Patent …

We study the blocking effect of patents on follow-on innovation by others. We posit that follow-on innovation requires … patents on low-value original innovations, invalidation predominantly increases low-value followon innovation outside the … contrast, for patents on high-value original innovations, invalidation mainly increases high-value follow-on innovation in the …

firms may protect their inventions by means of intellectual property rights, such as patents. By taking out a patent … of patents on the dissemination of R&D findings is, however, insignificant. Therefore, we conclude that patent …

&D contract to generate patents. We provide suggestive evidence that backlogged contracting officers are unable to devote enough …

We document the occurrence of process claims in granted U.S. patents over the last century. Using novel data on the … broad spectrum of technologies. Process intensity varies by applicant type: companies file more process-intense patents than … individuals, and U.S. applicants file more process-intense patents than foreign applicants. We further show that patents with …

plant size. We further find lagged negative effects on the (citation-weighted) number of filed patents. …