analyse and directly compare fertility patterns in two major European economies over a period of 15 years. Strong evidence is … found that opportunity costs play a role in fertility decisions, and for a positive income effect for females with high … earnings. Females in Germany adapt their fertility behaviour more strongly in response to economic incentives than their …

development. It affects human capital through both religious and secular education. It affects population and labor by influencing … work effort, fertility, and the demographic transition. And it affects total factor productivity by constraining or …

analyze transitions of workers between unemployment, regular employment and employment accompanied by welfare receipt. Working …. Our findings allow us to draw cautious conclusions on employment subsidies paid as welfare benefits. …