firms may protect their inventions by means of intellectual property rights, such as patents. By taking out a patent … of patents on the dissemination of R&D findings is, however, insignificant. Therefore, we conclude that patent …

We use exogenous variation in the strength of trade secrets protection to show that a relative weakening of patents …

invention (through patents) and the clinical trials data submitted for market approval (through data exclusivity). Patent …

We study the causal impact of invalidating marginally valid patents during post-grant opposition at the European Patent …

We study the blocking effect of patents on follow-on innovation by others. We posit that follow-on innovation requires … patents on low-value original innovations, invalidation predominantly increases low-value followon innovation outside the … contrast, for patents on high-value original innovations, invalidation mainly increases high-value follow-on innovation in the …

We document the occurrence of process claims in granted U.S. patents over the last century. Using novel data on the … broad spectrum of technologies. Process intensity varies by applicant type: companies file more process-intense patents than … individuals, and U.S. applicants file more process-intense patents than foreign applicants. We further show that patents with …

software patents in the U.S. on the publications of university researchers in the field of computer science. Difference …

holders. The paper focuses on those full-term German patents of the application year 1977 which were held by West German and U ….S. residents. The most valuable patents in our data account for a large fraction of the cumulative value over all observations …