collaborate in R&D is increasing in R&D productivity. The key findings of the theoretical model are tested using German innovation … survey data for the service sector. A simultaneous model for cooperation choice and innovation expenditures shows that R …&D cooperation has a weakly significant positive effect on innovation expenditures. The empirical results broadly support the …

We present evidence on the role of the social environment for the development of gender differences in competitiveness … and earnings expectations. First, we document that the gender gap in competitiveness and earnings expectations is more … between the competitiveness of mothers and their daughters, but not between the competitiveness of mothers and their sons …

competitiveness measures. We compile a broad dataset including value added trade, gross exports and conventional and value added based … real exchange rates. To sharply focus on external competitiveness, a new price competitiveness indicator is introduced, the … or cost competitiveness. …

attributed the majority of the gender gap to gender differences in a separate 'competitiveness' trait. We re-examine this result … using a novel experimental technique that allows us to separate competitiveness from alternative explanations by …