according to income levels and gender. This paper is based on the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) carried out by the … (MAs) in the country, than the in the other MAs. Second, workers in the poorest population segment (1st income decile … times. However, these worsening conditions have been more pronounced in the 1st income decile and especially the 7th-10th …

integrated production and thus leads to more outsourcing. Additionally, we analyse how domestic costs and taxation affect the … and therefore, increase employment. Concerning the impact of taxation, we find that a lower consumption tax on output … but higher fixed costs than the domestic production, we show that the opposite effects concerning competition and taxation …

not hold in general. Our results suggest that taxation has a significant and strong impact on consumption choice. Over the … Ricardian proposition. Our results show dynamic effects; taxation inuences consumption beyond the current period. …

youngest group of households borrow lower amounts (conditional on borrowing), and the mortgage interest rates paid by low-income … households are higher. Regulatory loan-to-value ratios, the taxation of mortgages and the prevalence of interest-only or fixed …