participation of a patent's original examiner in the opposition division as an instrument. We find a disciplinary effect of … invalidation: Affected inventors file 20% fewer patent applications in the decade after the decision. This effect is entirely …

Skilled labor is a key input to the innovation process. A shortage in supply of skilled labor may hence impede … innovation activities, resulting in lower productivity gains. While governments are concerned about these likely negative impacts …, there is only limited empirical evidence whether and to what extent labor shortage affects innovation activities. The paper …

Does heightened employer-friendly trade secrecy protection help or hinder innovation? By examining U.S. state …-friendly trade secrecy adversely affects innovation. We then investigate why. We do not find empirical support for diminished idea …