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The assumption that remittances are a substitute for credit has been an implicit or explicit theoretical foundation of many empirical studies on remittances. This paper directly tests this assumption by comparing the response to health-related shocks among national and transnational households...
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We examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the formation of energy conservation routines. To do so, we use data from two nationwide surveys of German households, conducted before and during the pandemic. Across the two survey waves, we document a significant increase in the likelihood...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013474540
unions can demand different hours from different households, directly taking household heterogeneity into account. In this … households work the same amount but prohibits unions from requiring any household to work more than it would like to. This …
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relates it to consumption at both the aggregate and cohort levels. The Household External Finance (HEF) index is based on the … finance ; terms of access ; household consumption ; birth cohorts ; pseudo panels …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003770102
. -- Household saving ; Saving incentives ; Retirement ; Riester scheme ; Coarsened exact matching …
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be regarded as "fair" we compare the equivalent incomes of eight different household types. Using the concepts of system … in the high income brackets tend to be privileged. The equity in the treatment of a household type is not only affected … by the amount but also by the distribution of income between the household members. Based on these results we can state a …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003962820
We analyze the compliance costs of individual taxpyers resulting from the German income tax. using survey data that has been raised between December 2008 and April 2009, we find evidence for a considerably higher cost burden of self-employed taxpaxers. Taxable income and the demand for external...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009008047
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